Alliance with Ibn Abd al-Wahhab (1744):

Background: In the 18th century, the Arabian Peninsula — particularly the Najd region — was deeply astray in terms of religious practices. The common people were immersed in shirk (polytheism), innovations (bid‘ah), superstitions, grave worship, and saint festivals (urs). During this time, a prominent Islamic reformer and scholar emerged — Shaykh Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab (1703–1792). He began calling people back to the fundamental belief of Tawheed (the oneness of Allah).

Opposition and Exile:

Many local religious figures, tribal leaders, and religious exploiters opposed his reformist call.

He was expelled from several towns.

Eventually, he sought refuge in the town of Diriyah in Najd.

Historic Meeting:

In 1744, Shaykh Ibn Abd al-Wahhab met with Muhammad ibn Saud, the ruler of Diriyah.

Alliance and Agreement:

These two leaders reached a significant agreement, which marked a turning point in Islamic history.

Core Terms of the Agreement:

 Religious Leadership Political Leadership    

Ibn Abd al-Wahhab would preach Tawheed Muhammad ibn Saud would protect and expand this movement politically and militarily  

Impact of the Alliance:

A major movement began to purify Islam from shirk and superstitions

The da’wah (religious call) was spread through military conquests of surrounding regions

Many areas, including Mecca and Medina, came under Saudi-Wahhabi control

This laid the foundation for modern Saudi politics and a practical form of Islamic reform

Summary Table:

 Topic                     Information    

Year                             1744 CE    

Location                     Diriyah, Najd    

Parties Involved     Muhammad ibn Saud and Ibn Abd al-Wahhab    

Purpose                     Establish Islamic governance and promote Tawheed    

Outcome                     Formation of the First Saudi State and the rise of the House of Saud  

Conclusion:

This alliance later became the blueprint for the establishment of the Saudi state, the spread of the Wahhabi doctrine, and the formation of a monarchical Islamic state based on religious and political unity.